Hi, I'm Mukul 👋
Software developer writing about technology, programming, book reviews, and tools I build. Welcome to my corner of the internet.
Latest Posts
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How JavaScript's Event Loop Really Works
A precise explanation of the JavaScript event loop, covering the call stack, microtasks vs macrotasks, and why promises run before setTimeout callbacks.
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IPv6 for Developers: What Changes and What You Need to Know
A practical introduction to IPv6 for developers, covering address notation, why NAT mostly disappears, dual-stack networking, and what breaks in application code.
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iptables and nftables: Packet Filtering on Linux
A practical guide to Linux packet filtering with iptables and its successor nftables, covering chains, tables, NAT rules, and how to migrate between them.
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IP Subnetting and CIDR Notation: A Practical Guide
A practical guide to IP subnetting and CIDR notation, covering how to calculate subnet ranges, netmasks, and how to size subnets for a VPC or network.
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Writing Idiomatic Python: Common Patterns and Anti-Patterns
A practical guide to writing idiomatic Python, covering list comprehensions, generators, context managers, and the anti-patterns that give code away as non-Pythonic.
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How HTTP Caching Headers Work: Cache-Control, ETag, and Vary
A practical guide to HTTP caching headers, covering Cache-Control directives, ETag validation, the Vary header, and how browsers and CDNs actually use them.
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How NAT Works: Network Address Translation Explained
How Network Address Translation lets many devices share one public IP, covering the translation table, port allocation, and why NAT complicates P2P connections.
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How BGP Works: The Protocol That Routes the Internet
How BGP routes traffic across the internet's autonomous systems, covering path selection, route advertisement, peering, and why BGP hijacks happen.
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How Git's Object Model Works Internally
A deep dive into Git's internal object model, explaining how blobs, trees, commits, and refs combine to make every Git operation just content-addressed storage.
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Git LFS Explained: Basics, Use Cases, and Trade-offs
A practical guide to Git LFS covering how it works, when to use it, the exact commands you need, and the pros and cons of storing large files in Git.